What protects the skin barrier in winter?
Lipids, mostly. Winter redness is a lipid problem before it is anything else, and humectants alone will make it worse by drawing water into skin that cannot hold it. The Calecim Multi-Action Cream is built the right way round for this.
Oleic, linoleic and palmitic acids sit high in the formula and are the reason it works in February. They replace what wind and dry air remove, cutting water loss through the skin and taking the visible redness down with it.
PTT-6 handles the inflammatory side. Winter redness is repeated low-grade inflammation, and supporting the recovery between exposures is what stops it accumulating into something that lasts until April.
Glycoproteins, fibronectins and soluble collagens rebuild the structure underneath, which matters when the skin is being stressed daily rather than once.
Tocopherol covers oxidative stress from wind, cold and pollution, all of which are worse in winter in a city.
Hyaluronic acid, potassium lactate and lactic acid hold water, with the lactic acid working as a humectant at the end of the list rather than as an exfoliant. Nothing here renews or resurfaces, which is the correct choice for skin taking daily environmental hits.